EM-CNI Joint Venture Collaboration Research Paper

EM-CNI Joint Venture Collaboration - Research Paper Example This collaboration can accelerate the forward momentum of the company and the benefits of such partnerships are often derived much faster, cheaper, easier, more profitable, and without debilitating conflict and turmoil when compared to a typical merger or acquisition.  In today’s technologically fast-changing business environment, the windows of opportunity for strategic attacks often are open only briefly and close quickly. More importantly, if we do not exploit an opportunity, other competitors will. This may turn the table, giving them additional resources, time, market share, and profits. However, we have the technology, Information Technology tools, the Internet, and other business innovation tools that we can avail of in the collaboration process. Collaboration is not new in the world of globalization. Businesses and organizations are merging and forming alliances to further their aims. And as we said earlier, if we don’t do it rightly and quickly, our competito rs will because they also have those tools at their easy reach. Our primary objective is to acquire the government license from Amazonia. This is a long-term project that requires a lot of planning. But the rewards of a successful collaboration can be enormous in Amazonia. When the firm wins the application, we are rewarded with a major source of competitive advantage. We will also be strengthened financially, organizationally, and reputationally while our competitors are weakened. Moreover, these competitors are watching and doing something to get the leverage.  Financial benefits can come sooner, but we have to take the financial side carefully and this has to be forecasted in a ten-years time. We can virtually create a new vital core competency with financial, managerial, and reputational benefits that can reverberate into the future of the organization.  

Introduction Of The Rolls Royce Company Management Essay

Introduction Of The Rolls Royce Company Management Essay ABSTRACT This case study aims to analyse strategic management of Rolls-Royce civil aerospace division. The analysis also identifies and explores the factors which are responsible for the current strategic position and development of this company and critically evaluate the factors involves in future growth, development and change. To evaluate the performance of the company analysis tools used are PORTERS FIVE FORCES, SWOT and PESTLE analysis. In the end there is a conclusion for taking the summary of involved company into consideration for its successful in the near future. INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY The Rolls-Royce group plc is well known multination company with business around 135 countries and manufacturing capabilities spread in 14 different countries. Around 40,000 employees work in various business ventures ranging from civil, defence aerospace to marine and energy markets. Rolls-Royce services 56,000 aircraft engines for 300 airlines, 2,400 public companies and also over 100 armed forces. Its engines can be found in every type of commercial aircraft manufactured by both aviation industries giant Airbus industries and Boing, whether it is biggest modern airlines or business jets. In world Rolls-Royce is renowned and prestigious brand for its high class quality, reliability and high end technology provider to its customers. Rolls-Royce group plc shows total earning of  £10,414 million which is equivalent to $16,307.6 million for the financial year 2009 ended on December, a well rise of 14.7% over financial year 2008. The operating profit of the company was  £1,174 million equivalents to $1,838.4 million for the financial year 2009, an increase of 32.7% over financial year 2008. The total profit was  £2,217 million equals to $3,471.7 million in financial year 2009, as compared to the total loss of  £1,342 million equals to $2,101.5 million in financial year 2008. MISSION A great company is built by first class, passionate and highly skilled people. We have these in Rolls-Royce and I believe that we will continue to improve our business and deliver excellent value for all our shareholders. Sir Simon Robertson Chairman (February 9, 2011) VISION During 2010, we have continued our programme of investment, funding world-class facilities in all major geographies, providing capacity for future growth, contributing to improved productivity and delivering products with operational lives which may well extend to half a century. We remain confident in our ability to double revenues in the coming decade through organic growth alone. However, we also have the management and financial capability to accelerate growth through acquisition and partnership. Sir John Rose Chief Executive (February 9, 2011) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Our consistent strategy, applied over many years, has helped deliver a more broadly based, better balanced and more resilient portfolio. This strategy has five key elements: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ address four global markets, civil aerospace, defence aerospace, marine and energy; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ invest in technology, infrastructure and capability; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ develop a competitive portfolio of products and services; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ grow market share and our installed product base; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ add value for customers through the provision of product-related services. Sir John Rose Chief Executive (February 9, 2011) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rolls-Royce civil aerospace division thinks of a huge chance in terms of future growth for commercial aerospace markets, contributed by increasing air transportation varies from business to individuals. Forth coming 20 years there are need of 141,000 engines which cost more than $800 billion. This increased demand is from fast-emerging markets like Asia, Middle East and Latin America but at the same time from much saturated markets of Europe and North America due to taking off thousands older aircraft to the new ones. Hence creates the demands of aftermarket and services contribute to more than $600 billion for these accompanied services. The most essential part of demand is the business jets. Till now this market leads by mainly US customers but in coming years now there an increase by 50% can be seen from different part of the world as well. MARKET SEGMENTATION There are two main different market sectors in which Rolls-Royce civil aerospace division works are: Sales of brand new aircraft engines to aviation industry leading manufacturer Airbus industries and Boings and to some airlines as well. Spare part to those old purchased engines and aftermarket services and maintenance to its customer airlines. This segment of market consist competitor who specialized in maintenance. The first one is primary market who responsible for selling new aircraft engines, which creates the opportunity to the second market, is secondary market, responsible for spare part and after sales services. There was only 10% commercial aerospace market captured by Rolls-Royce in 1970s. This segment of civil aerospace market is mix of immense commercial and technical competition from General Electric and Pratt Whitney of the USA. The grand investment in development and research for making new engine and avail verity of best services to the customers is the only way to gain major market share. To gain large share in market they need to concentrate on after sale service more than products with services for example information management, inventory management and after flights maintenance services. This market may be considered as vertical due to too less number of purchasers. Rolls-Royce must be concerns about its customer future and present needs. PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL Competitive rivalry This oligopolistic global industry is dominated by three players operate in are: General Electric and Pratt Whitney of the USA and of course Rolls-Royce. This market segment of civil aerospace is highly budget oriented as it requires massive capital investment for advanced technology and research and development. It is very difficult to dominate the market for single manufacturer, which leads to the increased competition within the opponents. There is a great completion for new aircraft engine as primary market due to the interdependence on the secondary market of aircraft engine part sales and services. So we can infer that number of purchase in primary market sales will tells about the access power to the secondary market. As in recent years each producer tries to enhance their volume share, which brings a healthy competition to the existing market. Competition getting tougher by each passing day as gas turbine engine is quite mature technology which reduces the difference advantage within competitors. Power of buyers There are less future possible buyers for new aircraft. Therefore cost of the new aircraft engine is set by the buyer as they are market prime player. The globalisation of the many airlines in recent years has enhanced their purchasing power to great extent. It is really a long-term decision to buy a specific aircraft or any combination of aircraft engine. This implies that if an engine manufacturer lost a single order from particular airline affect its business for a decade with that airline. The purchase of single type of aircraft engine produces cumulative effect with another purchaser who is going to buy the same type of aircraft engine. Life time cost ownership; warranty and subsidised maintenance cost are the main concerns of the all airlines. Power of suppliers There is very less influence or power of supplier to the aircraft engine producer. The reason for this is abundance of suppliers to the aircraft engine producer. These suppliers responsible to supply from small parts like nuts and bolts to high end technology like complicated electronic control components pricing hundreds of thousands of pounds. The smaller companies which contribute to most of the supplier base, have now decreased power. The reason behind is that aircraft engine producer involves in many different source supply applying double supplier strategies. Among all type of equipment suppliers high end complicated electronic component suppliers are the most powerful. Threat of entry A well-known name also finds it quite tough to enter in aircraft engine business. The crucial entry factors like extremely skilled experience requirement along with massive power to investment on research and development as well to win buyers confidence are the main hurdle to enter this specialized segment of market. Once a new aircraft engine built then the very next step is going through high standards of testing by authorities to get approved. The name of the company also plays a vital role in this industry due to the sensitive nature of this market. Thus reputed name like Rolls-Royce is well known for its good verity of quality high-technology products. Threat of substitutes Till now there is most likely no other better known way to replace air transportation completely hence so do the aircraft engines. Whereas advancement in technology such as video conferencing facilities and new extremely fast trains however can definitely hamper some air travels business in near future. But still these emerging technology developments taking place along with increasing opportunities of air travel. Summary of Five Forces analysis This analysis gave an idea about the amount of competition as in whole for this particular segment of civil aerospace market. There is clear indication of buyer great influence upon the organisation leads to higher degree competitive market environment in civil aero engine business. Still existing manufacturer share business among them as there is large amount of hurdle for entry and very less threat of substitutes. However, maturity of used technology and decrease in aviation industry growth brings the huge competition for existing engine producers. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Weaknesses Major player in aero-engines manufacturing Reach to different parts of the world market High capacity for development and research Way of dealing to legal affairs Decreased budget for operation Opportunities Threats Increased demand for commercial airplane engines New planed acquisitions Increased demand for turbine helicopters High level of competition Government policies compatibilities Major risk for supply chain Strengths Major player in aero-engines manufacturing Rolls-Royce is one of the major players in civil aerospace industry. It is among the top worlds manufacturer of civil aircraft engine, serving more than 30 different kinds of civil aircraft varies from business jets to huge airlines aircraft, with over 13,000 big Rolls-Royce aero-engines under service. Reach to different parts of the world market Rolls-Royce has huge worldwide base. It is primarily works around the world such as Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and Middle East. 130 different countries customers are served by this company. Rolls-Royce manufacturing plant, offices and service facilities can be found in more than 60 countries around the world. In addition, there is a huge remuneration can be seen from these above different regions of the world where it operates. The reach to wide world market and fair revenue earning from these each market leads to less risk against this volatile industries as there is no dependency on single market. High capacity for development and research Rolls-Royce developed great platform for research and development along the time. At regular basis this company emphasise on advancement for new technology which is necessary to sustain in the competitive market environment. With the  £7 billion spending on its research and development for the last 10 years Rolls-Royce want to lead with new technological advancements, especially on the basis of collaboration with many universities of the world. Having strong hold on research and development capabilities Rolls-Royce came up as winner against manufacturers, able to keep its high end technology edge to competitors and leads the industries with new advancement in technology. This leads to Rolls-Royce at different high level category in terms of its product line. Weakness Way of dealing to legal affairs Rolls-Royce is a firm, where too many kinds of legal affairs and claims can be seen in every day companys business. Few amounts of the affairs and claims are substantial to some extent. Even though Rolls-Royce cannot forecast the results of these proceedings, however this may be possible it comes as imposition of damages, fines and other remedies contribute to hampering image of the company as well the its business, position and operations. In addition, these types of activities brought bad impression to Rolls-Royce share price market and reputation. Decreased budget for operation There is a big decrease in 2009 budgeting for operation can be seen in Rolls-Royce. A huge decline by 26.3% in financial year 2008 from  £824 million to  £607 million in financial year 2009 has been recoded. The financial position decline is the because of lack of cost effectiveness in management and poor financial decision making and planning by the management. If this trends continue for long it will definitely decrease opportunity of the perceived future growth. Opportunities Increased demand for commercial airplane engines Rapid change recoded around the world in air travel as the new market opportunities and challenges arising. Throughout the world constant demand for airlines is common as new airlines model increases, high growth in emerging economies are responsible stabilized airplanes demand. The Boing big industry giant expect a growth of $3.2 trillion market for 29,000 new aircraft for the forthcoming 20 years and consider this segment of market for near-term realities, a worldwide recession, decrease in air travel and cargo transportation, and uncertain price of fuel. There is an increase of 4.9% expected in terms of passenger traffic for each single passing year for next 20 years. There is a forecast about Asia Pacific region that it will be going to grow to a value of $1.13 trillion. Rolls-Royce is well positioned both geographically and technically to service the huge aircraft market in the future. Hence, the company is well positioned to capitalize on the growing commercial airplanes market. New planned acquisitions Rolls-Royce main objective of strategic acquisition is to raise the demand for sales and earnings growth. For example in the moth January 2010, Rolls-Royce completed the 100% acquisition of Europea Microfusioni Aerospaziali from Finmeccanica, who built precision micro-castings for aero engines. This particular acquisition would enable the company to strengthen its customer base and market position in the Italian market. Strategic acquisitions such as these would provide the company with an opportunity to develop its product base and reach across various segments and geographies. Increased demand for turbine helicopters As the turbine helicopter market segment is increases which lead to force able future, according to Rolls-Royce forecast. New emerging markets circumstances are creating a platform for an even growth in near future. There is estimation for 2010-2019 that total demands for helicopter delivery is increased to 16,400 units as good response from the commercial market fundamentals. In both these particular market division the replacement for old engines against new one will give the rise to for immense growth opportunity to this segment. Rolls-Royce, which offers one of the broadest power ranges of helicopter turbo shaft engines, is well positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for turbine helicopters. Threats High level of competition Rolls-Royce is operating in very highly commutative business environment. This company works in many diversified power field ranging from commercial aerospace market to defence aerospace market, marine market and energy market segment. Rolls-Royce high end technology makes its product different in the market on the basis of fine technology, brand name, cost effectiveness, past performance and timely delivery of the order. The biggest competitors of Rolls-Royce are companies including Hampson Industries, Honeywell International, Safran, and Textron. Few of these organisations have better engineering, production and marketing capabilities as compared to Rolls-Royce. Furthermore in addition continues consolidation for the world defence, space and civil aerospace business has rapidly getting intense to competition results in the decreased number of major contractors present in this field. This increased competition through all operating market segment also affects the share in the market. Government policies compatibilities The organisation is obligated to impose and obey all laws and terms and conditions relating to the formation, management and contract of government pertaining to performance. All contract deals and pricing data must be disclosed and should be certified by these corporate regulations. It also regulates accounting rules to control allowable cost and unallowable cost. At the same time, the organisation is restricted to use or dispose of information pertaining critical to national security concerns and import and export of technical parts and technical data. Organisation operations are immensely affected by at customer level, add up organisations operating costs .If an organization is found involved in violations of these regulations resulted in fines and penalties or even termination of the corporate contract between companies. Definitely these rules and regulation pressurise in terms of cost as well affect the budgeting structure of the organisation. Major risk for supply chain Rolls-Royce different operation facilities and supply chain diversified in different division provides products and services to its customers. As its market position and presence over well-known organisations governed by its success increases its demands to on the performance of supply chain. Rolls-Royce produces nearly 30% of value to gas turbine products; the rest is managed by external supplier. To achieve your business gaol you should be critical about timely delivery, cost effectiveness and of course quality products. When it comes to the worldwide supply chain, it is quite complex due to the reason there is involvement of large number interrelationships across broad network of the organisation. Rolls-Royce is exposed to an increased risk of disruptions to its supply chain, which could have a significant impact on its operating results Supplier capacity constraints, supplier production disruptions, supplier financial condition, price volatility or the unavailability of some raw materials may have an adverse effect on Rolls-Royces operating results and financial condition. PESTLE ANALYSIS This analysis tells about of external environmental factors. This may be a useful tool for this case because: It gives an idea of framework for figure out a huge range of environmental factors. It depicts the different data in the case which somehow acknowledge environmental issues. This also create a basis for the analysis of opportunities and threats, whereas this case itself highlights the context of the civil aerospace competition as an uncertain environment of political and economic unrest for air travellers. According to our identified order shows some key PESTLE factors which is definitely relevant to the involved airline and aerospace industries in general. Political factors Political risk, for examples the Gulf war and terrorism somehow damaging passenger confidence, particularly in the US. Presence of political support and lobbying for major EU/US aerospace businesses Support of EU aircraft manufacturer for Rolls-Royce Subsidies by EU government US tax breaks for Rolls-Royce Carbon emissions under the Kyoto protocol is targets for reduction by EU, creating pressures for reduced impact of air travel Policy formation for example Open Skies liberalisation package (2008), allowing any US or EU-based airline to launch scheduled services between the US and EU. Economic factors Supply/demand factors: unpredictable demand ; over-capacity supply market Increased price of the fuel As we talk about economic cycle for example 2008 and 2009 a global recession, generate decreased demand, excessive production supply, civil aerospace and supplier failure, unavailability of cost for major investment and unpredictable demands. Commercial aerospace segment recession in 2002-3, leads to damaged US passenger confidence after such incidence following 9/11 there are oversupply , loss of residual or resale value for aircraft and specific exposure for Airbus, due to its resale value guarantees Industry structure and competition (micro-economic factors): eg intense competition between Boeing and Airbus in effective duopoly; high barriers to entry (high investment, few major players reaping economies of scale etc); market consolidation, second-hand market; emergence of low-cost airlines. Socio-cultural factors Changes in global demand for air travel, and the emergence of new markets and routes e.g. European regional travel growth and future emerging travel markets, particularly in Asia-Pacific and developing countries (www.airbus.com: Global Market Forecast) Consumer/public/regulatory scrutiny re environmental impacts of air travel Rise in urban growth and congestion, leading to pressure on airports and air traffic management, creating demand for larger aircraft (www.airbus.com: Global Market Forecast) Challenges of cultural differences in dealing with global consumer and industry markets Challenges of cultural differences in cross-cultural organisations and alliances Technological factors Potential for technology-supported added-value products (eg e-ticketing; in-flight Internet access; flight control systems facilitating pilot training; fuel-efficient engines/aircraft) Competitor investment in R D and new product development Potential for continuing innovation Competitive adoption of efficient P S and manufacturing in engine manufacture, spare parts and MRO services Increasing technological complexity placing pressure on global customer support and training Risk of technological obsolescence, with long delivery cycles Legal factors Employment protection Health safety: important in manufacturing and also in liability for air safety Environmental standards and legislation: eg pollution control, emissions reductions, noise abatement EU/US law and WTO rulings on competition Contract law and dispute jurisdiction in contracts between EU and US firms Changes in any or all legal areas, raising change/compliance issues Eco/Environmental factors Policy, legislation and consumer pressure re environmental impacts and sustainability Risk factors: weather impacting on airline activity; spiralling fuel costs; reduction in consumer demand due to concerns re climate change Scarcity/costs of non-renewable fuels, metals and other raw materials of production Altitude, climate and other factors in routes and airport locations, affecting operations CONCLUSION To cope with consistent changes within its business sphere Rolls-Royce has changed its orientation or approach from core engineering to the more of customer concerned business firm. The company now have more proactive approach in terms of customer awareness and their services focus. But in the past this type of dealing behaviour is very less found as this company also following only the market trends. The overall infrastructure is going to renovate according the requirements of new increasing operating facilities need. Within this organisation the working structure is aligned to define good relationship within the business and a well-designed system to meet defined business objectives at the same time. But this structure does not affect the organisation important business culture at any cost within the Rolls-Royce. Rolls-Royce culture is found in its each employee mind and heart and represented by the way they contribute for this organisation and make decision to develop business strategy. As Rolls-Royce has changed it orientation from core engineering to towards more customer service oriented culture, this need more interaction and involvement towards its customer, with high number of empowerment and quick decision making. To embark a name in todays business world one organisation should be sound in terms of its working culture and physical terms. Rolls-Royce is working rigorously to gain its past reputation over again and achievement of the continuous success as well. As soon they achieve their corporate goals accordingly realigning its financial reporting framework and business monopoly. Finally which leads to change in organisation structure its objective and priorities.

Christina Rossettis Poetry: Controlled and Passionate Essay -- Cousin

Christina Rossetti's Poetry: Controlled and Passionate Rossetti's poetry has been described as both controlled and passionate. Making clear what you understand by the terms discuss which of these two views you have more sympathy with and why. Refer closely to at least three of the set poems. Christina Rossetti poetry uses concise structures but through these she expresses immense emotion; in this respect her poetry can accurately described as "both controlled and passionate" yet the two words are almost a paradox as passion is frequently seen to be at odds with controlled tight structures. Other poets have also followed in Rossetti's footsteps by combining tight structured poetic forms with emotion e.g. Dylan Thomas. L.E.L is a prime example of Rossetti's technique; it combines a complex structure with a very emotive outcry. The structure is very precise with each verse not only rhyming within itself, in an A, B, A, B, C, C, C pattern, but also within pairs of stanzas containing a pattern between them on the 5th to 8th lines. The 2nd and fourth lines provide visually rhyming lines throughout the poem connecting each verse although when the poem is read aloud the lines do not rhyme verbally. Rossetti also plays with structures in the poem, beginning with an elegiac stanza form ("a Quatrain of four iambic pentameters rhyming A, B, A, B" - Pears Cyclopaedia) before diversifying into her own version ending with C, C, C. The elegiac stanza form helps contribute to the passion by setting the tone for the poem while at the same time Rossetti alters the form to suit her needs showing creativity within her "control". The latter section of each stanza is in a different tone relating and contrasting the emot... ... with more flair in her earlier poetry, with later works settling into more conventional forms. Thus it is difficult to decide which argument to have more sympathy with as both control and passion are constantly intertwined and also changed as Rossetti grew older. Work Cited Rossetti, Christina. The Poetical Works of Christina Georgina Rossetti. With Memoir and Notes &c. Ed. William Michael Rossetti. London; New York: Macmillan, 1904. Works Consulted Armstrong, Isobel. 'A Music of Thine Own': Women's Poetry. in: Joseph Bristow, Victorian Women Poets. Emily Bronte, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan Press Limited, 1995, 32-63. Harrison, Antony H. Christina Rossetti in Context. Brighton: The Harvester Press, 1988. Marsh, Jan. Christina Rossetti. A Literary Biography. London and Sydney: Pimlico, 1995.

Assess the Claim That the Main Function of Education

Assess the claim that ‘the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society' Functionalists believe that education is a value consensus, which means that the majority of a society agree with this statement. For example, inadvertently, people in the UK agree that wearing clothes is a norm as is education. Education has many purposes such as secondary socialisation of children and allocation of roles, because of the meritocracy which education is also seen as.Functionalists, like Durkheim, believe that teaching about history in schools creates a link between the individual and society. This link allows the individual to feel ‘part' of the society and therefore is more likely to support this. For example, in the U. S children are taught about the founding fathers and give the pledge of allegiance daily. Also, this is used with religion, in the U. K many schools says prayers and sing hymns and other religious songs. This, often, instils the idea of relig ion into the child's mind and it becomes a part of the child.However, teachings such as these can be seen as deviant and unwanted by parents because of how these things are treated as ‘norms' whereas they might not be in the home. This creates social solidarity because of the increased number of shared ‘norms and values'. Furthermore, Parsons says that school is the bridge between family and the wider society. Because in the family you are treated as an individual based upon particularistic traits whereas in society you are based on your merits.School is a blend between the two and allows a consensus of your merits and your personality. However, that blend is more between students and students than students and teachers. Teachers base students more on their merits, hence the meritocracy of school and the wider society as it is a quicker and easier way to assess people. This lead to the beginning of the education triage where pupils where ‘streamed' into classes of varying difficulty depending on their intelligence. However, Marxist's like Althusser, Bowles and Gintis argue that the role of ducation is the â€Å"reproduction of labour power† i. e. a workforce. This is enabled by use of the hidden curriculum – This is where ‘norm's such as doing repetitive tasks, not complaining and maintaining order in a class are taught but not formally as these are merely blended into every lesson. This is further exaggerated by schools legitimising and justifying inequality. This prepares students for the world of work where they are exploited for cheap labour and do as they're told as indicated by the hidden curriculum.They are also prepared for the inequality between them and their bosses in the social/economic hierarchy and accepts their positon. Legitimation of inequality; helps to justify and explain the system of social inequality in a capitalist society, helps people come to terms with their position in society and therefore reduc es the discontent and opposition to inequality. Althusser saw the role of education as a reproduction of technical skills and a reproduction of the ruling class ideology. . e. the dominant beliefs and values which is the wealthy minority 1% and the majority 99%. This allows the 99% to accept the 1%'s ideology. To prevent rebellion against capitalism, people must believe that the ruling class ideology is beneficial to themselves. This done by a number of ideological state apparatuses like the media, religion and education. These outlets of information can control masses because they have been ‘trusted' staples of society which are seen as beneficial.However, all of these outlets show the ruling class ideology and justify the capitalist system. The system can give several messages out to society such as behaviour, fashion, education standards, when to accept or submit to authority and to accept your place/position in society. Despite, these views Marxist's have been seen as too deterministic. As, the give education more credit for its influence on children. For example, the hidden curriculum may not exist and many children don't care for rules, authority and choose to rebel at these things.Whilst the hidden curriculum maybe exaggerated, the formal curriculum maybe under exaggerated as it is not entirely designed to benefit ruling class ideology as with subjects like philosophy, sociology and arts which are designed to encourage various views and opinions with critical thinking on how and why. Neo-marxists, like Willis, show that some students at school who are rebellious and prioritise â€Å"avin' a laff† are the ideal candidates for the ruling class ideology as they treat education as a barrier between â€Å"avin' a laff† and socialising.Because they prioritise their friends they lose the benefits of education and are forced, in order to survive, to accept work which maybe dull/repetitive (as taught by the hidden curriculum). Often, the type work these people undergo are manual labour jobs which enable the ‘lads' to be together and â€Å"av' a laff†. The end product is a capitalist society getting a proportion of the population doing dull work and the ‘lads' are able to stay together as they have created their own class position.Durkheim, also argues that education prepares young people for adult roles such as learning to cooperate with people who they might not like. Schools trains people to follow a set rules which accommodate tolerating people who they don't like. Functionalists, assume that stratification/some sort of social hierarchy is vital and inevitable. Because there are only limited places for top jobs. By a meritocracy which allows people to be test judged on ability those with the highest ability are about to be placed in jobs which match their talents/abilities.

How do we feel about the monster at the end of the novel? Essay

Mary Shelly wrote the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† in 1817, she was just seventeen. It was a time of great exploration and discovery, this helps Mary Shelly delve into the unknown without it seeming too fictional. Mary Shelly had had a tragic life; she knew what it felt like to grieve as she had lost both her mother and child. Her experiences of death and grief greatly shape the context of this novel. Mary Shelly wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† in ‘Villa Mantalege’ in Switzerland. The villa was very isolated; as were many scenes in her book, for example the ice bound boat, the feelings of isolation run deeply throughout this novel in the form of the monster. He feels isolated in his own body because of his appearance. Isolation is also a great way to bring mystery and the extraordinary into the novel. At the beginning of the novel we learn that Frankenstein himself has experienced grief and is determined that nobody should ever feel like he did, he also wanted the world to know who he was; so, to pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold the mysteries of creation, the monster was born. Here Frankenstein spoke the most famous quote from the novel, â€Å"Beautiful! Great God! † Frankenstein is horrified with the result of the creature he has made and flees his laboratory. We have to remember that even though the monster had, â€Å"yellow skin, a shriveled complexion, and watery eyes†, that he was still a baby. He was one day old and the first taste of life he was handed was complete rejection. When Frankenstein runs to his bedroom and shuts the curtain on his four poster bed, the monster follows him. The monster reaches his hand out to Frankenstein who is petrified and flees once again. Mary Shelly presents the monster here as innocent, childlike just reaching out to his mother/father figure for some love. We empathise with the monster and remember a time when we have felt rejected, hurt or unloved.   

Review of The Monkeys Paw Essays

Review of The Monkeys Paw Essays Review of The Monkeys Paw Essay Review of The Monkeys Paw Essay This story is set in a rural, out of the way area, with a family of three, elderly parents and a Son. The father and Son are chess players, with a good relationship. The father is a sneaky old character, as he tries to cheat at Chess. The Mother is a quiet lady, who knits as the pipe smoking me plays chess. She is typical of ladies of that era, and only works as a housekeeper, and knits for a hobby. She does what her husband tells her, and humours him when the son beats him at Chess. The Mum and son know the Dad cheats, and its their private joke. They are expecting a visitor, who turns out to be a Sergeant Major. The father knows him from a previous job. The Sergeant Major was only a young boy, who worked in a warehouse before he went to War. The family were curious about the soldiers experiences, particularly the old man. The old man acts as the host and gives the soldier some punch-thats whiskey and warm water. The Mum puts on supper. The old man is jealous because he never had the guts to leave the area, so he is very interested in what the soldier was saying. He then told them about some magic, a magic charm, which he had in his pocket. The old man was very interested, and wanted to hear everything, but the soldier was reluctant. The soldier threw the charm into the fire, but the old man got it back, it was a monkeys paw, a shrivelled old hairy thing. The soldier left, and the father eventually made one wish, He wasnt sure what he should wish for, but finally agreed that he should wish for 200. The Mum and Son made fun of him, as they felt it was all stupid. The following morning, they all had breakfast together, and the Son went off to work. Soon afterwards, a well-dressed stranger came to the house. He introduced himself as a representative of the Company, where their son worked. Instinctively the Mum knew her Son was hurt, but unfortunately the news was worse, a machine at work had mangled him. The Rep said the Company were not to blame, but they were giving the old couple 200, compensation. The old couple are in shock, although they have other children, this son is the only one at home, with them. This charm had brought such bad luck to this family. The old man felt he had killed his son. After the funeral, the awful truth set in, the old man had killed his son, and they would never see him again. They missed him greatly, and the Mum found it hard to sleep. One night the Mum remembered about the Paw and insisted that her husband would make another wish that the son would come back. Although the husband knows his wife is not thinking straight, and he is terrified, he makes the wish. Then they heard knocking on the door. He is panic-stricken. He tries to cover up, and tell his wife its a rat, but she insists it is the Son. In the dark he finds the Paw again, and makes the third wish, that this is not in fact his son. Finally the knocking stops, the wife opens the door and there is no one there. The ending is a Cliff Hanger. The magic charm, which appeared harmless had changed this family, had changed the atmosphere, and changed the family, although there was a great bond that was broken. There was a strong relationship between husband and wife, it was strained by the death of the son, and the wifes mental state became poor. The old man blamed himself and was afraid and worried.  The language used was expressive and descriptive. It was written pre 1900, and difficult to understand. The language has changed greatly since the story was written.

Earth medicine essays

Earth medicine essays Coyote Medicine is one of the best books I have ever read, and I have read a lot books in my life. At first I wasnt sure if I would make it to the end of the book. I am not one for autobiographies and the first few pages were a bit dry, but I pushed though the first half of the first chapter. After that I realized this was not going to be a typical autobiography. I have always been interested in the Native American ways. Their ways are a mystery to a person who was raised in a typical Anglo-Saxon, Christian home. Although they were ousted from their land because of their beliefs as I read the book I came to realize that the two religions are actually more alike than they are different. From our angels to their spirits and from group prayer in church to group prayer in the lodges, the similarities go on, you just have to be willing to see them. I love the way they respect mother earth, plants and animals. As Christians and westerners, we sometimes lose touch with the very same ground from which we where created. I believe that there are means of healing other than modern medicine and I applaud Dr. Mehl-Madrona for bringing the two together. Coyote. What can I say about Coyote? Well, according to what I have learned in IMT 105 his personality type would run along lines of ENTP (extravert, intuitive, thinking, perceiving). He likes to be around other people and animals and be the class clown, he looks beyond what his eyes see, he bases his decisions on the fairness to a few (mainly himself), and loves to take the road less traveled. Coyote is definitely a free spirit, in every sense of the word. Dr. Mehl-Medrona is correct to compare himself to such an animal. He lets others know that just because it has been done a certain way for so long doesnt make it right or better than any other way. As I think back on the things he has changed in the med ...

Use Manuscript Markers for Your First Draft

Use Manuscript Markers for Your First Draft Use Manuscript Markers for Your First Draft Use Manuscript Markers for Your First Draft By Mark Nichol In response to my recent post about parentheses, a commenter mentioned that he uses parentheses as markers for passages to return to later for reworking copy or for inserting missing text. Then he does a pass using Microsoft Word’s Find function to locate the parentheses and fill in the blanks. That’s a good writing strategy: Many writing coaches and professional writers recommend, as much as possible, writing first drafts nonstop, especially when you’re in the groove get your thoughts down, even if they’re incomplete, and jump over the gaps and keep on going. Marking the blanks for attention later is a good strategy, but unless you’re unlikely to use parentheses in your prose, I recommend you employ another marker. For example, it’s common in journalism to use TK, a phonetic abbreviation for â€Å"to come† that’s easily searched because those letters don’t naturally occur sequentially in words, which allows you to avoid false hits as you search for your markers for incomplete content. (Keep in mind, though, that both TK and TC are valid abbreviations.) Book publishers, by contrast, often employ multiple asterisks or zeroes in some cases, including page numbers for a table of contents that has not yet been finalized; a proofreader fills in the correct page numbers later. Graphic designers also use what’s called Greek text, though it’s actually adulterated Latin (also known as lorem ipsum because of that commonly appearing phrase). However, this placeholder text is used for design mockups, not as part of the writing process. (The same is true of the letter sequence ETAOIN SHRDLU, consisting of the twelve most frequently used letters in English.) When I’m editing an academic text with references, I need to check in-text citations against the reference list to make sure every reference is cited and every citation is referenced. Instead of printing out a copy of the references as a checklist, or making a duplicate file, I simply mark each reference item as I find its in-text citation, using the â€Å"at† sign or another character that doesn’t otherwise appear in the manuscript. When I’m done, I do a Find and Replace search to delete the signs in one fell swoop. That reminds me: Do you know the shortcuts for reducing or omitting letter and line spaces? Some educators still teach otherwise, but sentences should be separated by only one letter space. To reduce double spaces to single ones throughout a manuscript with just a few keystrokes and clicks, just type two spaces in the Find field and one space in the Replace field, then click on Replace All. Repeat as necessary until no instances are indicated. (Be careful not to click on Replace All before you type a letter in the Replace field, or you’ll end up with paragraph-long strings of type.) To delete letter spaces at the end of multiple paragraphs, type a letter space followed by the symbol ^ (shift+6) and the letter p with no letter space between them into the Find field and ^p into the Replace field, then hit Replace All. Repeat as necessary. To reduce two line spaces to one, enter ^p^p into the Find Field and ^p into the Replace Field and select Replace All. Repeat as necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the ways in which Essay

With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the ways in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge - Essay Example The question of how personal knowledge can effectively have an influence on shared knowledge can be answered through a careful observation of the structure of both subjects. It is first however crucial to understand what shared knowledge is as well as its relationship to personal knowledge. Shared knowledge can be described as the collective knowledge of a society with regards to both standardized and overall subjects that affect individuals as a group. It can be seen as shared opinions between a group or groups of people that are usually held as a collective belief. This shared knowledge is normally passed on from generation to generation and thus become a popular point of view over a period (Lagemaat 54). They are, however, subject to change under various circumstances that would affect the society’s views as a whole. These circumstances may be caused by an individual(s) actions, or events that take place in a society completely rocking the fabrication of a previous notion. It can be argued that shared knowledge does in fact effectively affect the personal knowledge that develops in an individual. This is due to the rise and development of both matters and their effect on society. Shared knowledge can be seen as the foundation of the initial societal information that is passed on to an individual. From this shared knowledge and a collection of personal experiences, an individual is thus able to gradually develop their opinions. The fact remains that shared knowledge is indeed the first informational encounter that an individual experiences, and thus cannot be negated from the equation forming an individual’s personal knowledge (Heydon and Jesudason 13). A good example supporting this hypothesis would be the learning curve of a child since birth. When one is brought into the world, their primary source of knowledge is their guardians. Their guardians in turn retrieve their information form what can be seen as

Zen Buddhism - The Land of the Disappearing Buddha Essay

Zen Buddhism - The Land of the Disappearing Buddha - Essay Example As such, this school of Buddhism favors ones direct comprehension through Zazen and the interaction of a believer with an accomplished teacher or spiritual guide. Some of the basic teachings of Zen include various sources of Mahayana thoughts, more so, the Yogyakarta, Huayan, and the Tathagatgarbha alongside an emphasis on issues such as totality, the Buddha-nature, and the Bodhisattva-ideal. Other influential elements in Zen Buddhism are the Madhyamika and the Prajnaparamita. Zen began to develop as a distinct school of Buddhism through the teachings of an Indian Sage, Bodhidharma, who taught at the Shaolin Monastery of China. Due to his efforts in popularizing the school of Buddhism, Bodhidharma is often referred to as the First Patriarch of Zen amongst many believers. Zen Buddhism is also subdivided further into three main sub-schools namely, Rinzai, Soto, and Sanbo Kyodan. Zen Buddhism is different form other traditional forms of the religion. However, the differences exist more in the form rather than the essence of each school of Buddhism. One of the most popular forms of traditional Buddhism in East Japan is Theravada. This type of Buddhism is founded on the initial principles of the religion that Buddha himself practiced. These include careful mediation while observing the rules of conduct, studying the canon of Buddhist scripture, the Vinaya, revering Buddha, and understanding the Sultras as well as its commentaries. For the adherents of this school of Buddhism, the religion is almost a monastic practice of the teachings of Buddha. Zen Buddhism is different from other schools such as the Theravada school because it does on play greater emphasis on scriptures and the Sultras. In fact, Zen Buddhists teach that the school is an intellectual practice that anyone can learn and practices as opposed to being a religion for the selected individual believ ers. In as much as Buddhism began in China, its movement across the continent into other co8ntries and

Wal-Mart's Growth Plan in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wal-Mart's Growth Plan in China - Case Study Example The case starts with a brief history of how Wal-Mart was formed and the strategy it employed to grow under the radar of big retailers and never come in direct competition with them. It talks about the reasons of success of wall mart - everyday low prices, customer focus, and relentless cost control, partnership with suppliers and unrivalled distribution and logistics management. After giving details how Wal-Mart become a huge success in USA; the case goes on to describe its China venture. It takes us through the history of retail market in China. It talks about retail being a centrally controlled business to the phase wise opening up of the sector to foreign players. In the end the case talks about many challenges being faced by Wal-Mart in China such as income disparity , local protectionism , infrastructural deficiencies , regulatory restrictions , lack of IT infrastructure and the different consumer behaviour of Chinese consumers than their counterparts in North America. The case makes us ponder over these difficulties being faced by Wal-Mart even after 10 years of starting operations in China. 1) Everyday Low prices -This strategy of Wal-Mart was able to win a large number of customers. It helped in successfully addressing customer's disappointment in constantly changing shelf prices. More important than the promise was Wal-Mart's ability to meet this promise every time. 2) Customer is No.1 - Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart ensured that customer was treated respectfully by his employees and provided great customer service. The company came up with Sam's ten rules which became the corner stone of great customer service at Wal-Mart. 3) Small Town Locations - During the initial growth phase, Wal-Mart grew under the competition's radar. They operated in these towns which were considered as unviable by big retailers at that time. 4) Relentless Cost Control - Saving was given as much importance in Wal-Mart as was creating a sale. Wal-Mart relentlessly tried to cut costs to pass on the benefits to the customer. 5) Partnership With Suppliers - Wal-Mart provided big volumes to its suppliers but extracted a lot from them. It was always trying to push them to cut costs. Many processes being followed by suppliers were modified by Wal-Mart in order to reduce costs. 6)Unrivalled Distribution and Logistics Management - The IT infrastructure of Wal-Mart was connected with its suppliers in order to ensure that constant update on inventory requirements reach the customer. It followed Just in time approach and utilized cross docking method to reduce inventory of its stores. In analysing the Wal-Mart case we have used the long cycle process framework. The case analyses starts with identifying the major issues that Wal-Mart faces and have then gone on to analyse the same and find solutions in the last phase. Issues faced by Wal-Mart in China. 1) Immediate Issues. A) Market Segmentation Large amount of income disparities in China. The coastal regions have very high per capita income of 2117 $ where the inner and western regions have significantly less purchasing power as can be seen

Civilization by Bernard Lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civilization by Bernard Lewis - Essay Example Meanwhile, religion plays a crucial role in the definition of civilization. Two of the most popular religions defining civilizations are Christianity and Islam, which interestingly display some similarities while manifesting some differences from each other. In most of the languages in the world, we have two words: "Christianity" and "Christendom." The word "Christianity" would refer to the system of religion itself while "Christendom" would refer to a civilization that basically incorporates both non-Christian and anti-Christian on it. And we also have "Islam" and "Islamdom." Those civilizations are mainly bounded by religious practices that are known all throughout the world. On the other hand, those civilizations defined by region and ethnicity may include perhaps Buddhism and Communism. Buddhism, although, once known as religion, cannot be defined by religion since it was not actually successful in the proliferation in the world unlike Islam and Christianity.

Distribution and Graphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Distribution and Graphs - Essay Example that there will be no introduction of new study ideas, and if we as former high school classmates happen to rank poorly in relation to our colleagues, we could at best retain the lowly performance, and remain on the left tail of the plotted histogram- the poorly performing lot. Even if we ranked well in relation to classmates, it would still be necessary to distribute ourselves among the groups, to attract diversity of views and fresh study styles. Therefore I would favor a group not dominated by my former high school classmates. My choice of a study group may affect my scholastic standing in my chemistry class in the following instances: 1) If my score ranks low and I join a study group that has got brighter students, I will score better in the next exam and move to a position further right in the histogram. 2) If I rank higher than most of my group members, my score is likely to be influenced downwards, which would lead to a shift of my standing further left on the normal distribution plot, an undesirable result. 3) If the study group I join has no implication whatsoever on my score, my position remains the same and there is no right or left shift in my standing on the normal distribution

Discussing (Tata Steel) and its current approach to managing Essay

Discussing (Tata Steel) and its current approach to managing environmental drivers in their market. You should identify and an - Essay Example In this context, the discussion of this report critically examines the major influencing factors along with the responses made by TATA Steel while performing its steel manufacturing processes in the global countries. Additionally, the discussion would also incorporate the major drivers within the present steel making industry, their potential impact on TATA Steel and provide relevant theoretical implications in order to effectively address the key driving factors in the respective business industry. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1. Introduction 4 2. Brief Description of the Company and its Exposure to Global Business 4 3. Introduction of the Chosen Framework and Evaluation of TATA’s Response 5 4. Analysing Major Influencing Drivers in the Steel Making Industry and TATA’s Response 6 4.1 Regulatory Process 6 4.2 Cost Reduction Strategy 8 4.3 Buyers’ Power 9 4.4 Suppliers’ Power 9 4.5 Competitive Rivalry 10 6. Conclusion and Recommendations 12 Referen ces 13 1. Appendix 18 1.1 PEST Analysis 18 1.1.1 Political Factor 18 3.1.2 Economic Factor 18 3.1.3 Social Factor 19 3.1.4 Technological Factor 19 1. Introduction The present business environment of global organisations is often identified to be influenced by various factors. In this regard, the influence of external environment is one of the major determinants for the modern business organisations, assisting them to successfully accomplish their desired business goals (Teodorescu & Costachie, 2011). Organisations are often recognised to highly comply with the influence of primary external environmental factors in performing various operational and corporate functions. In this regard, the political, economic, social along with environmental and legal aspects can be duly considered as the primary external influencing factors for any organisation, aiding it to build long-run sustainability in the competitive business market (Oxford University Press, n.d.). Keeping with the major influ ence of the external environmental factors in business, the primary objective of this report is to analyse the business operations of TATA Steel in the fiercely growing steel manufacturing and marketing business industry. In this regard, the report will identify the chief drivers of the steel industry and discuss how these drivers affect Tata Steel. Moreover, the report will also lay utmost focus upon evaluating Tata’s responses to the identified drivers along with providing appropriate actions to ensure sustainable success of the company. 2. Brief Description of the Company and its Exposure to Global Business Established during the mid of the year 1907, TATA Steel (TATA) is regarded as one of the leading steel manufacturing companies in the Indian and global business industry. It is one of the major subsidiaries of the TATA Group with a large number of market shares in producing and marketing of steel across overseas locations (Mahajan & Ives, 2003). The company attained gre ater success in the respective business industry due to its adoption along with execution of continuous diversification strategy in its various business fields. Currently, the organisation is involved in performing diverse operational functions that include motor vehicle manufacturing, steel production, chemical, financial service along with healthcare division and telecommunication

Distribution and Graphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Distribution and Graphs - Essay Example that there will be no introduction of new study ideas, and if we as former high school classmates happen to rank poorly in relation to our colleagues, we could at best retain the lowly performance, and remain on the left tail of the plotted histogram- the poorly performing lot. Even if we ranked well in relation to classmates, it would still be necessary to distribute ourselves among the groups, to attract diversity of views and fresh study styles. Therefore I would favor a group not dominated by my former high school classmates. My choice of a study group may affect my scholastic standing in my chemistry class in the following instances: 1) If my score ranks low and I join a study group that has got brighter students, I will score better in the next exam and move to a position further right in the histogram. 2) If I rank higher than most of my group members, my score is likely to be influenced downwards, which would lead to a shift of my standing further left on the normal distribution plot, an undesirable result. 3) If the study group I join has no implication whatsoever on my score, my position remains the same and there is no right or left shift in my standing on the normal distribution

Compare the structure and activities of a public sector or not for Assignment

Compare the structure and activities of a public sector or not for profit organisation with a similar organisation in the privat - Assignment Example INTRODUCTION Private sector and public sector organizations differ in the way they are managed and operated. The way they are structured helps to facilitate goal achievement. This report compares the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) with Westpac Banking Corporation (Westpac). Reserve Bank of Australia RBA is Australia’s central bank. The objectives of the Bank are set out in its policies – ensuring that the monetary and banking policies are advantageous to the people of Australia (Reserve Bank of Australia 3). In so doing the policies of the bank are designed to ensure stability of Australia’s currency, facilitate full employment; and contribute to economic prosperity and welfare of the Australian people. RBA has a Governor and Deputy Governor as well as a number of boards, committees, groups and departments. They all have their relevant functions which facilitate the proper management of the Bank. The structure of the organization is shown in the organization cha rt in Appendix 1. The Boards include the Reserve Bank Board and the Payments System Board. The Reserve Bank Board has responsibility for monetary and banking related polices while the Payments Systems Board is responsible for polices relating to the payments system. The Governor is the Chairman for both Boards with the Deputy Governor as Deputy Chairman for the Reserve Bank Board. The committees of RBA include the Executive Committee; the Audit Committee; the Remuneration Committee; and the Risk Management Committee. The forum for discussions among heads of functional departments and the Governor and Deputy Governor is provided by the executive committee. The audit committee is chaired by a non-executive board and this should help facilitate the level of independence that is required of members of this committee. The Remuneration Committee is also a committee of the Reserve Bank Board and is drawn from the non-executive members of that Board. The Risk Management Committee is chaired by the Deputy Governor and its responsibility is that of identifying and managing those risks that are not policy related, across the bank. The Groups consists of the Banking and Payments Group; the Corporate Services; the Currency; the Economic; the Financial Markets; and the Financial System Groups. All of these groups have one or more departments that fall under their remit. They provide a range of services for institution. The Banking and Payments Group consists of two departments – the Banking Department and the Payments Settlements Department. The function of the Banking Department includes the provision of a special range of banking and registry services to the departments of the Australian Government, overseas central banks and official institutions. The Payments and Settlements Department on the other hand has the responsibility of settling high valued payments and inter-bank obligations which result ‘from the conduct of Exchange Settlement Accounts andâ€℠¢ the RBA’s own trading activities. Other responsibilities of the Bank and Settlement Department include the operations of the Reserve Bank Information and Transfer System (RITS) which is Australia’s real time gross settlement (RTGS) system. RBA’s Corporate Services Group consists of the Facilities Management Department; the Financial Administration Department; and the Systems and Technology Department (Reserve Bank of

Techniques Used In Pride And Prejudice

Techniques Used In Pride And Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen explores the viciousness of social class and its breaking points. Set in 19th century in a rustic region of Longbourn, England the reader is confronted with the stark difference between the gentry and the common people. Austen uses a romantic novel to paint the biased views of the opposite ends of the social spectrum; the gentry riddled prejudicial hate and disgust and the commoners with their blinding pride. These two character flaws are both what separate the rich from the commoners and what also lumps them in the same category. To punctuate such character flaws, Austen uses the motifs of courtship and journey, satire, and the counterparts of characters in the separate classes. The third and fourth inflection points are where the story has reached its climax. In the attraction period Mr. Darcy has already proposed to Elizabeth and has been rejected. But in this crucial period of time Elizabeth has started to see the change within the character of Mr. Darcy. She in fact comes to fall in love with him, a sign that she is slowly coming over her pride of being an independent woman. Within the last inflection point there is a marriage, Jane and Bingleys, this ending scene marks the end of the barrier between the snobbish gentry and the common people. The theme of Pride and Prejudice is that social class can both define a character as well as set ones principles. The defining of character and principles is caused by a society who has become subjected to the severity of the social class rules in which the social class system is a binding force that coerce people to live life in the invisible confines created by intangible wealth. However, in regards to love all such rules are cast away. The idea that one may not rub elbows let alone marry someone who is beneath he/shes status are blind sighted by couples who are enraptures in their heated but seraphic love. Austen trying to send a message that love can transcend the barrier of social classes, but before that there will always be a clashing of beliefs and attitudes due to a contrastive upbringing. In Pride and Prejudice there are a total of seven marriages, but the two that constitute with the theme are the marriages of Jane and Mr. Bingley and Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. Jane and Mr. Bingleys affair is a very straight forward affair; Mr. Bingley is a wealthy man and is desperately in love with Jane Bennet, a woman well beneath his stature, who loves him just as much. This couple wants to be together but the only force that holds them apart in the approval of the gentry. In the end Mr., Bingley forgoes all formalities and marries Jane (though he did gain the approval of Mr. Darcy, the man who all along disapproved of their union) which proves that love cannot be kept confined within the social formalities created by an exuberant amount of wealth. One other union that went against all of high societys standards was the marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Though their first impression of each other had them at each others throats they soon come to find that they have much in common even though there is a noticeable difference in their statuses, and they slowly come to love each other. The societal obstacles that was placed in their affair was first the distrust and the low opinion Elizabeth had of Mr. Darcy but when they overcame that Lady Catherine became another problem. Lady Catherine is a very wealthy, powerful, and respected lady within all of England and even has a place in the royal court. She objects to the union between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth she plans to marry off her daughter to him. But in the name of love Mr. Darcy outs that all aside and marries a girl who is inferior to him. Jane Austens graceful narrative style was uncommon in her time. The time in which she wrote such an entertaining yet inspiring novel was a period in literature that mainly consisted of emotional excess, flowery wordiness, and many biblical allusions. Pride and Prejudice is written in a prose without containing one superfluous word and it also frequently breaks into dialogue that are very lively and very revealing of characters. In some of the passages the Austen enters the mind of some of her characters; though usually it is in the mind of Elizabeth because she is the main character of the novel, and it is there she will reveal her characters capacity for humor and self-criticism. Much of the novel is filled with dialogue that is important because they explain the true nature of the characters for example If he had had any compassion for me, cried her husband impatiently, he would not have danced half so much! For Gods sake, say no more of his partners. O that he had sprained his ankle in the first place!' (Chapter 3) Mr. Bennet does not really wish bad fortune on Mr. Bingley but is instead is trying to express that he has had enough with his wifes insufferable attitude. This way of revealing a characters character usually gives the Jane Austen used many techniques when writing Pride and Prejudice but one she used most frequently is creating characterizations. In any passage Austen uses direct narration to describe the background to the reader, but we also learn about the characters from what they do, how they act, and what others say about them. She is probably best known for her ability to capture characterization through what characters say and HOW they say it. Â  Pay attention to vocabulary and diction, syntax, sentence length, subject matter, and tone of voice. Â  If you focus on scenes of conversation as you review the novel you can really see how a character is different from one scene to the next. For example, the way Elizabeth speaks with Jane is very different from the way she speaks with the Bingley sisters, but both scenes serve to illuminate her character. She is open and honest with Jane, but reserved and brisk with the sisters. Â  This difference reveals a lot about her character. Each conversa tion she has reveals more facets of her character!

Group Dynamics in Psychology Essay -- Papers

Questions and Answers About Group Dynamics in Psychology 1. How does each one of the two fit the definition of a group? Social- In my social group, it is clear that we are a collection of individuals guided by roles and norms. We, as friends, clearly influence each other, satisfy personal needs through association, and could be classified as a unit due to our common relation and degree of similiarity. I also notice a great degree of interdependence. That is, evnts affecting one tend to affect us all in some way or another. Work- Contrastingly, in my work group, I don't find as much similarity and personal need fulfillment. In this group, I observe a greater emphasis on goal achievement. At work, we achieve goals that we would otherwise be unable to accomplish individually. I also recognize a sense of interdependence as we are all affected by changes involving any single employee. 2. Name the five basic elements for effectiveness in groups and discuss each with respect to both groups. a) Positive Interdependence Social: In my social group for example, we often help one another such that we are able to accomplish group goals and wants. I remember one incident in high school w... ...ate into personal attacks. 10. Discuss the importance of action theory and learning to Group Dynamics (in your own words). How can your learning experience be enhanced by your behavior? In order to be an effective contributer to a group, one must be aware of the consequences of their various behaviors. In addition, one must have a well established set of action theories from which to choose when attempting to reach a desired outcome. Furthermore in order to ensure group success, individuals must be able to recognize when behavior becomes ineffective such that action theories can be modified. This learning process can be enhanced by the willingness to take risks and experiment with different behaviors. As Herbert Otto said "Change and growth take place when a person has risked himself and dares to become involved with experimenting with his own life".

Religion: Who needs it? :: social issues

Religion: Who needs it? Why is it that humans are constantly looking elsewhere for what they are able to provide themselves? People with washers and dryers send their clothes to be cleaned. Owners of houses stocked full of food can be found at McDonald's. Billions of people can be found each week inside churches. Wait...the cleaners,McDonald's and churches? Yep. People are constantly trying to make their lives easier. Darwin theorized that this was part of "Survival of the Fittest." That the easier we make our lives, the more like we are to survive. Religion is one more way, along with self-starting coffee pots, that we have developed to make our lives easier and ultimately more bearable. Assuming that there is some "master plan" that we can't see makes. Religion is simply a self-made, self-serving idea. Humans are the only animals on the planet capable of keeping track of time. Because of this, we pompously assume that only the most valuable of projects are worth our time. We sometimes say, "That was a total waste of my time." What if our entire lives were a waste? What if there was nothing after this life to greet us? The idea that lives are giant wastes would obviously make same people rather annoyed. With religion in our life we are content in the belief that we are constantly working toward something. There is a reason for all the pain, heartache and suffering. Another way that religion is self-serving is through the way that it shuns responsibility. By way of religion we are able to place our "eternal happiness" on someone elses shoulders. Although it is our responsibility to live the kind of life that we think God would want us to live, it is ultimately his decision wether we succeed or fail. Because of this I really appreciate the Buddhist way of thinking. Buddhist teach that you are to look inside yourself to find the inspiration and good to reach the ultimate goal, known as enlightenment. Through this it is no one's responsibility but your own if you aren't happy or successful. It isn't that God has or hasn't blessed you, it's that the answer lies within yourself and you just haven't found it yet. The last way that religion is self serving and foolish is in another way that we make oursleves happier and more content. Through self-induced propaganda we believe that regardless of our situation in life, someone is watching us, and taking care of us.

Life Sketch for a Funeral

I was looking at pictures and talking o my mom, she said she remembers him sleeping with Christine on his chest. (Insert letter from Ryan to Christine) Dad was always very supportive of us kids. He did not like cheerleaders, and never failed to let me know that, but he always paid for me to participate because he knew it made me happy. If I happy, he was happy. Mom, Dad, and I moved to Utah in 1993 so Ryan could attend the university of Utah. One of his favorite classes was photography and Lisa remembers taking Christine to the photo lab to spend time with him. In August 1995, the family moved back to Idaho and lived In Mud Lake on the farm.I would ride with Ryan In the stacker, or â€Å"snacked† as I called It. Ryan was taking classes at the SIS extension during that time. Ryan and I-Sis were serving as Primary teachers In their ward there- a calling that Ryan loved because he got to be with kids. That was a good time for our family, and we later moved to Roxbury. On August 1 6, 1996, I got my baby brother, Nathan Grant Hill. Dad spent a lot of time with Nathan as a baby because Lisa was working full-time. Lisa remembers he was so happy to have a son. Nathan spent a lot of time with his Dad in the combine. As he grew up, Neaten loved to go fishing and camping with Ryan.He especially liked the homemade bows and arrows and walking sticks that Ryan would carve for him. Ryan and Neaten went on a week-long hunting trip. Ryan bought Nathan a new bow. They didn't get anything, but they had a good time. Even though they loved the outdoors It wasn't always smooth sailing. Neaten and dad were going down the Alpine Slide together, and hit a curve going too fast, and instead of riding the sled down the mountain, Dad was ruling Nettle's face Instead. Neaten has scars on his head from getting hit with tree branches on the head from dad collecting fire wood.Neaten came out with battle wounds, but they always have a good laugh about it later- well, at least dad laughed at Ante's expense. Neaten and Ryan shared a special connection through their love of sports and music. Ryan only missed one of Ante's football games. When Neaten chose his number, he chose the number 11 because he didn't want to be Just like his Dad, but he knew the numbers 1 and added up to 2, which was his Dad's number. When Nathan started wrestling, Ryan posted on his Backbone account, â€Å"Neaten took first in his first wrestling tournament. I love football, but I goat say wrestling Is intense. He loved to watch Neaten wrestle.Lately, Neaten liked playing a game with his Dad where he would play clips of songs and then ask Ryan who sang It, when It was made, and whether It was famous. If my dad would say the song was popular and my Neaten didn't agree he would come back with â€Å"Nobody's heard this song! † When Christine and Nathan were young, Ryan worked as a snowmobile guide in Park City. He was a great guide and met some interesting people, Including ten calculator Attorney General, Ana Kept In touch Walt many AT them. A few days before Christmas in 1996, Ryan got in a snowmobiling accident that hatred his elbow and broke his forearm and scapula.Uncle Dave can remember sitting on Ryan while they tried to reset his dislocated shoulder and thinking how strong he was even in that condition. The first thing he asked when he was coherent was whether his snowmobile was alright. We can all remember being so grateful to have him home that Christmas. In 1998, Ryan moved back to Utah. That summer and fall, he and Lisa, Christine, and Nathan spent almost every weekend camping in the High Ninths. They loved to camp together. It became a family tradition to camp in Zion's National Park over Easter and then drive into SST. George for the annual Easter egg hunt.It was around this time that Ryan got very interested in food. We can all remember the strange things he liked to eat, like oysters and Kipper Snacks. He loved Tobacco sauce and would add it to everyt hing, seriously- everything. But, he not only liked to eat food, he loved to cook it. He had become an amazing cook. He made turkey and oyster dressing for the Hill Family Thanksgiving a couple of years ago and raised the bar for all Thanksgivings to come. He regularly cooked prime rib dinner for the Erickson family on Christmas Eve. Lisa said he could spend 25 minutes kicking out a steak.He loved to cook, but he especially loved to cook for his siblings. While Aunt Stephanie and Uncle Ryan and Aunt Megan and Uncle Shawn were attending BUY, Ryan would invite them over regularly for Sunday dinner and a game of Sequence, until I decided to choke on a game piece, and dad had to stick his finger down my throat to make me throw up. We will miss his good cooking. Ryan started working for OMG in 2002. This was the start of a very successful career in sales. He quickly moved up and became the top salesperson at the company, which later changed its name to Prosper.Most recently, he was leadi ng a sales team at Property. He was good at what he did and became a leader to those he worked with. His co-workers have commented that he was a great leader, mentor, and boss. People genuinely enjoyed working with Ryan and appreciated his kindness, consideration, and generosity. Even those who had worked with him Just a short time, thought of him as a brother and best friend. Lauren Joined the family on September 4, 2003. Lisa calls Lauren their â€Å"Evolve child. † She would not go to anyone other than her Mom and Dad. Ryan did not do anything without holding Lauren.Ryan decided to take Lisa to New York for her birthday after Lauren was born, but they could not leave Lauren so they ended up taking her with them. Ryan read to Lauren every night and Lisa thinks this is why she is such a good reader. Ryan always took his time to answer her questions and never rushed to be done reading. That same year, the family made another whirlwind trip to New York for Thanksgiving. When w e decided to go we spent about an hour on the computer, and six hours later they were on a red-eye flight bound for New York City. They stayed and had Thanksgiving dinner at the Plaza.New York was one of the most memorable trips our family took. Going to see all the sights my dad had random facts to share with us. He was always like a walking encyclopedia! When we first got to New York we walked out of the taxi and the Hotel Bellman at the Plaza saw that my mom had 3 children and was pregnant with another. He asked â€Å"Is there nothing better to do in Utah? † Madeline arrived on April 1, 2005. We all knew that Muddy was Ryan's favorite, no matter now much en terra to any It when en got none Trot work, en would ask where Media was and then spend time all night with her.He told Lisa he Just felt like she needed that time with him. Not long after Media was born, Ryan and Lisa were sealed to their children for time and eternity in the Salt Lake Temple on November 19, 2005. The only way I remember this day was because it was the same day that Santa came to the mall that year. It was a beautiful day and one they had looked forward to for a long time. One of my dad's favorite quotes was, â€Å"l never said it would be easy, I only said it would be worth it. † Making it to this point wasn't easy, but without a doubt it was worth it.It marked how far our family had come. My dad worked with all his soul to get our family there, and because of that hard work we will be together forever. He always knew that was true, and made sure that his children knew that too. Soon after Media was born, Charlie followed. And when we say soon, we mean it- 9 months and 18 days! Charlie was born on January 18, 2006. Grandma Chris calls Media and Charlie the â€Å"Irish twins† because of how close they are in age. Lisa was determined to have all her babies before she turned 30 and she did.There were some scary moments prior to Charlie's birth because of some issues t it his heart, but when he arrived Ryan and Lisa were thrilled because they really wanted another boy. â€Å"Chuck,† as they call him, looks Just like his Daddy. He also has his sense of adventure. The day of the accident, Charlie was riding his neighbor's dirt bike and couldn't wait to show his Daddy how good he could ride. Ryan was a great Dad. He was extremely patient with his children. He would rather be doing something with his kids than anything else. He taught all of his kids how to ride a bike when they were very young.One of their family traditions was participating in he Freedom Festival activities over the Fourth of July in Provo. Ryan sometimes ran the K and the family always attended the Stadium of Fire with Grandma Knells family. But, their favorite thing to do together as a family was to go boating. The happiest times I can remember were out on the lake. Lisa introduced Ryan to boating because the Erickson are avid boaters. Tom recalls teaching Ryan to water ski on one ski. Ryan could ski with two, but was determined not to be outdone by Lisa who already had slalom skiing mastered. Tom spent most of one day trying to get Ryan up on one ski.He tried and tried and would not give up. Tom kept asking Ryan if he wanted to take a break and Ryan Just kept saying, â€Å"Hit it! † No one could ever say that my dad wasn't a hard worker. Needless to say, Ryan eventually got up and he was hooked. He was happy to go boating with Tom and Chris, with or without Lisa. Eventually, Ryan bought a boat for his family and it became their safe haven. They put hundreds of hours on the boat on Lake Powell, Utah Lake, Deer Creek, Carbondale, and others. They boated during the day and at night. We would go out when it was a full moon, and would hook glow sticks to our life Jackets.The only thing you could see was a little light going back and forth, and in my dad's case that light was moving pretty dang fast. Ryan spent many hours taking Christine and her fr iends on the boat. I don't remember a time when I asked him to go out on the lake with my friends and he said no. I know that we drove him nuts most of the time, but he knew that I loved it. He was always extremely patient in helping us learn to ski, something he must have learned from Tom ;). His kids have wonderful memories of their times together as a family on the boat. The last family vacation they took together was lastAugust. Again on ten spur AT ten moment, Lisa cellar to take ten Kilos to calculator. Three hours later, she and the kids were on the road. We would have left earlier, but I had to teach a cheer camp. The second I was done, we were on the road. Ryan surprised them all by catching a flight and knocking on their hotel door at 1 a. M. We were planning on leaving the day after he got there, but He moved the family to a hotel on Huntington Beach and we got an even longer vacation. The kids remember it being the nicest hotel they had ever stayed at. They had a wonderf ul trip and made lasting memories.

Norton Lily

PHASE 1 OF THE TURNAROUND : Building The Foundation Jim Burton set about analyzing the business with an emphasis on quick wins that would contribute to developing the long-term â€Å"execution† foundation. * He was dealing with seasoned industry veterans, each with deaply held beliefs and paradigms about the business – how it had been and should be run. In an effort to build confidence and gain acceptance among his senior peers ( it had to be an incremental approach) * With encouragement and support of the owner, burton first formed an executive committee of nine, including the five business unit.The objective in forming executives committee was to begin decentralizing the decision making process away from the two owner. ( The owners not actively participate in committee sessions, but would instead attend summary reviews, at the conclusion of each meeting, to provide counsel and advice ) * He was to transform the company and build the sustainable growth platform the own er wanted Identifying and Understanding Value Creating Processes Burton focused on its execution and on helping Norton Lilly’s executives understand the key processes that enabled good strategy execution and value creation. Burton first launced process mapping in the linier group, which operated in eight different US offices * At the time, the liner division offered a fragmented mix of services across its eight location, with each location performing some activities more effectively than other location and all location failing to provide adequate service in some regard * By late 2007, mapping the key processes involved in delivering each type of service had helped management and employee understanding of processes led to improved process standardization, end administrative procedures that duplicated work, improved costumer satisfaction, and penalties * By the end of 2007, Burton had assigned responbility for achieving KPI goals to individual managers and supervisor overseeing specific value creating process within the liner division Implementing a Balanced Scorecard Performance Measurement System Accompanying the KPI’s rollout was a balanced scorecard, wich further focused managerial employees attention on the performace of value creating process. Metrics included in the balance scorecard system used at Norton Lilly included process KPI’s. costumer satisfaction and financial performance * In late 2007 Norton Lilly’s balance scorecard system was expanded to included a â€Å" dashboard† of performance indicators that could provide overview of business unit level * The dashboard contained : * Revenue compared to budget * Expense groupings compared to budget * Capital expenditures compared to budget Top 10 Costumer profitability * By the end of 2007 Norton Lilly business unit leaders were holding monthlymeetings to review KPI status and propose corrective action to resolve differences between expectations and actual performance R esource Allocation Policies Other foundation building actions undertaken in 2007 included in the initation of various policy changes. One such policy change involved the company’s capital outlay policy, which was the first new policy established by the executive committee. * The capital outlay policy came about after Burton discovered that the company had variously launched into a number of ventures without much success. The policy called for a nine step due diligence process, that nine steps were as follows: 1. Description of the opportunity 2. Description of how the opportunity fit with Norton Lilly’s objectives 3. Assessment of the competitive threats 4. Assessment of the competitive landscape 5. How success whouldbe ensured 6. Proposed exit strategy 7. Business case 8. Financila pro forma 9. List of major assumtions and risk * The capital outlay policy would ensure that decision to entef into any business venture would be fully vetted, based on fact, not opinions B uilding Managerial Talent Throught out 2007 Norton Lilly focused on another important foundation building element management development. * Burton introduced a leadership evelopment program that matched a person’s profile to a job, the program was based on the fundamental premise that managerial employees could be classified into one of four basic profil; stategist, project director, networker or external qualifier * After being tested and profiled, the 20 highest-rangking employees at Norton lilly entered into workshops directed at helping members of the management team interpreteach profile and respect and deal effectively with differing profiles PHASE II OF THE TURNAROUND REINFORCING THE FOUNDATION The effort undertaken during Phase 1 of Norton Lilly’s turnaround had produced a profitable fiscal 2007, which was the company’s first profitable year since 2003. Improving Information Used for Decision Making Dashboard were also expanded to all of Norton Lillyâ₠¬â„¢s business units.Linerm Ship services, and Overseas. As well as the addiction of Financial measures such as cash flow and accounts receivable KPI’s Changing Financial Performance Expectations Burton initiated another policy change in 2008, although less a stated policy than a mindset. * The concept of value creation was introduced at an executive committee meeting in late 2007 and became the basis for all 2008 budgeting * The concept of earning a fair rate of return based on assumed risk didn’t exist at Norton Lilly, so as apart of the 2008 budgeting exercise each business unit leader was given a margin target A NEW APPROACH TO FORCASTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Provide continual refreshing of the assumptions underlying the forecast * Provide the company a continual look at its next 12 months, regardless of how many months were left in the calendar year The move to rolling forecast helpd managers improve forecasting accuracy to the extent that the company missed its financial projections. TAHAP 1 DARI TURNAROUN : Membangun Pondasi Jim Burton berurusan dengan veteran industri berpengalaman, masing-masing dengan keyakinan dipegang dan paradigma tentang bisnis – bagaimana hal itu telah dan harus dijalankan. Dalam upaya untuk membangun kepercayaan dan mendapatkan penerimaan di antara rekan seniornya (itu harus pendekatan inkremental)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dengan dorongan dan dukungan dari owner, Burton pertama membentuk executive committee of nine, termasuk lima bisnis unit. Tujuan dalam membentuk executive committee adalah untuk mulai desentralisasi proses pengambilan keputusan dari kedua owner . owner tidak aktif berpartisipasi dalam sesi komite, melainkan akan menghadiri summary review, pada akhir / kesimpulan setiap pertemuan, untuk memberikan nasihat dan saran)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim Burton mengubah perusahaan dan membangun sustainable growth platform Mengidentifikasi dan Memahami Value Creating Processes Burton berfokus pada p elaksanaannya dan membantu Norton Lilly’s executives memahami key process yang memungkinkan strategi eksekusi yang baik dan penciptaan nilai. Burton pertama meluncurkan proses pemetaan pada kelompok kapal , yang beroperasi di delapan kantor yang berbeda o   Ã‚  Ã‚  Pada saat itu, divisi kapal menawarkan berbagai pelayanan terfragmentasi di delapan lokasi, dengan masing-masing lokasi melakukan beberapa kegiatan yang lebih efektif daripada lokasi lain. an lokasi semua gagal untuk memberikan layanan yang memadai dalam hal tertentu   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pada akhir 2007, pemetaan key process yang terlibat dalam memberikan setiap jenis layanan telah membantu manajemen dan karyawan memahami proses untuk memperbaiki proses standarisasi, mengakhiri prosedur administrative yang tidak efektif , meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Pada akhir tahun 2007, Burton diberi tanggung jawab untuk mencapai tujuan KPI untuk manajer individu dan supervisor mengawasi spesicific value creating proce ss dalam divisi kapal Menerapkan Kinerja Balance Scorecard Sistem Pengukuran Seimbang Sistem balanced scorecard fokus ke perhatian manajerial karyawan pada performance value creating process.Metrik yang termasuk dalam sistem balance scorecard digunakan di Norton Lilly termasuk proses KPI kepuasan pelanggan dan kinerja keuangan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pada akhir tahun 2007 sistem balance scorecard Norton Lilly diperluas untuk memasukkan â€Å"dashboard† indikator kinerja yang dapat memberikan gambaran tingkat unit bisnis o   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dashboard berisi: Pendapatan dibandingkan dengan anggaran Pengelompokan Expence dibandingkan dengan anggaran   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pengeluaran modal dibandingkan dengan anggaran   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Top 10 Costumer profitabilitas Pada akhir tahun 2007 para pemimpin unit bisnis Lilly Norton memegang monthlymeetings untuk meninjau status KPI dan mengusulkan tindakan korektif untuk mengatasi perbedaan antara harapan dan kine rja aktual Alokasi sumber daya Kebijakan Tindakan membangun pondasi lainnya dilakukan pada tahun 2007 termasuk dalam inisiasi perubahan berbagai kebijakan.Salah satu perubahan kebijakan tersebut melibatkan kebijakan pengeluaran modal perusahaan, yang merupakan kebijakan baru pertama kali didirikan oleh komite eksekutif. Kebijakan pengeluaran modal muncul setelah Burton menemukan bahwa perusahaan telah meluncurkan beberapa usaha tanpa banyak keberhasilan. Kebijakan menyerukan sembilan langkah due diligence process karena sembilan langkah tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Deskripsi kesempatan 2. Deskripsi bagaimana kesempatan fit dengan Norton Lilly objectives 3. Penilaian terhadap ancaman kompetitif 4. Penilaian terhadap kompetitif landscape 5. Bagaimana keberhasilan bias dipastikan 6. Usulan exit strategy 7. Kasus bisnis 8. Financial pro forma 9. Daftar asumsi utama dan resikoKebijakan pengeluaran modal akan memastikan bahwa keputusan untuk masuk ke setiap usaha bisnis akan sepenu hnya diperiksa, berdasarkan fakta, bukan pendapat Membangun Bakat Manajerial Norton Lilly terfokus pada perkembangan foundation building elemen management development yang lain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burton memperkenalkan program pengembangan kepemimpinan menyesuaikan profil seseorang sesuai dengan pekerjaannya , program ini didasarkan pada premis dasar bahwa karyawan manajerial dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam salah satu dari empat profil dasar; stategist, direktur proyek, networker atau eksternal kualifikasi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setelah diuji dan diprofilkan, 20-rangking karyawan yang tertinggi di Norton lilly engadakan workshop diarahkan untuk membantu anggota tim manajemen saling memahami, menghormati dan menangani secara efektif. FASE II DARI TURNAROUND: Memperkuat Pondasi Upaya yang dilakukan selama fase 1 dari turnaround Norton Lilly telah menghasilkan fiskal tahun 2007 yang menguntungkan, yang mana ini menjadi tahun pertama yang menguntungkan perusahaan sejak tahun 2003 . Meningkatkan Informasi Digunakan untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Dashboard juga diperluas ke semua unit bisnis Norton Lilly. Serta penambahan ukuran finansial seperti arus kas dan rekening yang piutang KPI Mengubah Harapan Kinerja Keuangan Burton memulai lagi perubahan kebijakan pada tahun 2008, walaupun kurang kebijakan dinyatakan dari pola pikir.Konsep penciptaan nilai diperkenalkan pada pertemuan komite eksekutif pada akhir 2007 dan menjadi dasar bagi semua penganggaran 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Konsep a fair rate of return berdasarkan risiko diasumsikan tidak ada di Norton Lilly, sehingga terpisah dari budgeting exercise 2008 masing-masing pimpinan unit bisnis diberi target marjin Pendekatan baru untuk peramalan kinerja keuangam Meng-udate atau refresh terus-menerus asumsi yang mendasari forcasting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Memberikan perusahaan melihat terus-menerus pada 12 bulan berikutnya, terlepas dari berapa bulan yang tersisa di tahun kalender. Hal tersebut membantu manajer meningkatkan akurasi peramalan saat perusahaan membutuhkan proyeksi keuangan.

Why People Commit a Crime?

It was often asked and researched throughout the years of why people commit a crime. As the opposed question came about, theorist came out with their theories of why people commit a crime. I believe people commit crime because they are learning it from the influences in their life and because the person or persons is a very important aspect in their lives it leads to the process of why people commit a crime. This connects to Sutherland's theory of Differential Association, but while it does connect to Sutherland's theory this paper will focus on the social learning theory that Aker mentions and has further research of the subject of crime. Micro-Level Learning theory has been advanced by many theorist over the years such as the theorist Sutherland. If I were to test the theory of social learning, specifically micro-level learning theory I would examine the relationships with peers preferably intimate relationships with friends and family. Only then when viewing the intimate relationships, I would see the person learn the techniques of committing crime and what's considered in the text â€Å"definitions†. When mentioning â€Å"definitions† it's what is favorable and unfavorable toward violation of the law. Now, for the theory to be accurate I have to find things that support or amongst the search if it undermines the theory at hand. The theory had one major concern that undermines the accuracy of the theory. The theory does not give a good description of the favorable and unfavorable to crime. It was because that the description of the theory was first described by Sutherland than a few others, until it lead to Akers. There has been many theorists who tried to define the definitions more precisely. It was treated as different theories, but the main one I want to focus on is the social learning theory. Since there has been many theorist who focused for example, control theory it became difficult to find the theory that is more acceptable. Another concern that was mentioned was that the theory failed to describe the process of how crime is learned. Akers did however, did draw from psychology to get a better aspect of the behavior and the social learning process. The process comes in three steps as said by Akers. First, an individual learn beliefs that define crime as desirable or justifiable. He goes more in depth saying these beliefs lead to crime. The second process is that people engage in crime because are reinforced into that situation, meaning it could be peer pressure (a negative reinforcement) or the individual could receive a reward for participating in the crime. The last process is that people imitate the criminal behavior of others, which is the intimate relationship the individual has with them. The process of learning crime as shown through most studies which shows that associating with family and/or friends that exhibit criminal behavior, comes out more often throughout most of the studies. This was taken as a strong evidence to support the social learning theory, however, even though it had the correlation numerous researchers argued against it. The researchers argued that the correlation doesn't mean that the association with criminal family or friends cause criminal behavior in the individual. Even saying that as well there has been strong support to back up the social learning theory. It is said that the origin of the support stems from research solely based off of experiments being conducted such as surveys or field work studies. From all the information that has been researched and conducted has shown the support of the theory and also the facts that undermine the theory. If I were to make the theory more accurate I would say that an individual associating themselves with a delinquent family member influences the individual to commit or take part in criminal activities. This combined theory now becomes more accurate to the research that has been conducted by the theorists. The theory itself needs a lot more research that needs to be conducted, but with the improved version of the theory will lead to a more stronger support of the social learning theory.